Drinkers

Drinkers are individuals who consume beverages containing ethyl alcohol. In research and public health, the term denotes patterns of alcohol consumption, including how often and how much a person drinks, the contexts in which drinking occurs, and related consequences. Drinking behavior ranges from abstinence or infrequent social drinking to regular, heavier use.

Categories of drinkers are often described by quantity and outcomes. Moderate or low-risk drinkers consume alcohol within guideline-based limits and typically experience few adverse effects. Binge drinking refers to consuming a large amount in a short period, commonly defined as around four drinks for women or five for men within about two hours, though definitions vary by country. Heavy drinkers routinely consume substantial amounts, risking physical and mental health problems. Some individuals meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD), a clinically significant pattern of alcohol use characterized by craving, loss of control, withdrawal, and harm to daily functioning.

Health and social effects vary with level and context of use. Moderate drinking has uncertain or limited evidence of health benefits for some populations, while heavy and prolonged use increases risks of liver disease, certain cancers, cardiovascular problems, accidents, injuries, cognitive impairment, and addiction. Drinking can affect relationships, work, and safety, notably through impaired driving and risk-taking behavior. Sociocultural factors, gender, age, genetics, and environment influence drinking patterns and vulnerability to harm.

Measurement and policy: researchers use standard drink definitions to quantify intake, though definitions differ by country. Screening tools like AUDIT or CAGE help identify risky patterns and potential disorder. Public health strategies include age restrictions, pricing and marketing controls, and harm-reduction approaches such as promoting designated drivers and providing treatment services for those affected.