Distichia

Distichia is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of an additional row of eyelashes along the inner or outer edge of the eyelid. These extra lashes, known as distichiae, typically arise from modified meibomian or gland of Zeis glands, which normally produce oil for the eyelids. The condition can affect one or both eyes and may occur congenitally or develop later in life.

Symptoms of distichia often include irritation, redness, and a sensation of foreign body in the eye. In severe cases, the extra lashes can cause chronic inflammation, conjunctivitis, or corneal damage due to constant irritation. Some individuals may also experience excessive tearing or light sensitivity. Distichia is frequently associated with other eyelid abnormalities, such as trichiasis (inward-growing lashes) or entropion (inward-turned eyelids).

The exact cause of distichia is not always clear, but it can result from genetic factors, trauma, inflammation, or certain medical conditions like blepharitis or trichiasis. In some cases, it may be linked to systemic disorders, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Diagnosis is typically made through a clinical examination by an ophthalmologist, who may use slit-lamp microscopy to identify the abnormal lashes.

Treatment for distichia depends on the severity of symptoms and underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed with regular eyelid hygiene, lubricating eye drops, or temporary removal of the extra lashes using epilation or electrolysis. More persistent or bothersome cases often require surgical intervention, such as cryotherapy, laser treatment, or surgical excision of the affected glands. In some instances, a procedure called *distichiectomy* may be performed to remove the abnormal lash follicles.

Prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment, though recurrence is possible. Regular follow-ups with an eye care professional are recommended to monitor symptoms and adjust management as needed. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve eye comfort.