Desertions

Desertion is the act of leaving one’s post or obligations without permission and with no intention to return. The term is most commonly used in a military context, but it can also describe the abandonment of family or dependents or, more broadly, the renunciation of duties in civil life.

In the military, desertion is typically distinguished from absence without leave (AWOL). AWOL means the person is absent without permission but may intend to return; desertion requires intent to avoid service and to remain away. The legal status varies by country, but many armed forces treat desertion as a serious offense. Penalties may include dishonorable discharge, imprisonment, and, historically, capital punishment. In international law and in many domestic codes, desertion can undermine discipline and cohesion and may be pursued in military courts.

In some cases, individuals who desert due to fear, coercion, or emergency circumstances may be afforded clemency, but that depends on the jurisdiction and wartime rules.

Civil desertion: In family law, "desertion" can refer to a spouse or partner leaving the relationship without intention to return, which may affect divorce or child custody decisions. In other settings, desertion can describe abandoning duties such as caregiving or employment obligations, though terms vary by jurisdiction.

Historical overview: Desertion has affected many conflicts, prompting reforms in recruitment, morale, and troop welfare; severe punishments were common in earlier periods, while modern forces emphasize support, discipline, and rehabilitation.