Desertion

Desertion is the act of abandoning a person, place, or duty where there is an obligation to remain, with no intention to return. The term is most commonly used in a military context to describe a service member who leaves their post without permission and with no plan to resume duty. It can also refer to civilian forms of abandonment, such as desertion of a spouse or dependent, though legal treatment differs by context.

In military law, desertion denotes an unauthorized absence from duty with the intent to remain away permanently or for an extended period. It is distinguished from an unauthorized absence (AWOL), which may be temporary or not accompanied by an intent to abandon service. Desertion is typically treated as a serious offense and can carry severe penalties, including confinement, dishonorable discharge, and loss of benefits, depending on the country and legal framework. The processes for handling suspected desertion usually involve formal investigations and disciplinary procedures, often at a court-martial or similar military tribunal.

In civilian contexts, desertion refers to abandoning a spouse, partner, or dependent. This form is usually addressed under family law rather than criminal law and can affect divorce or separation proceedings, child custody arrangements, and support obligations. The legal consequences vary widely by jurisdiction and specific circumstances.

Causes of desertion in military settings include combat stress, fear, coercion, or disillusionment, while civilian desertion can stem from relationship breakdowns or unsafe conditions. Deserts may occur during war, peacetime deployment, or in situations of conscription, and their impact is felt in military discipline, family life, and social perception.