Dehiscence

Dehiscence is the splitting or bursting open of an external or internal structure, allowing its contents to be released. The term is used primarily in botany and medicine, but it also appears in discussions of plant development and wound healing. The exact mechanism and implications vary by context.

In botany, dehiscence refers to the way some mature fruits, capsules, or flowers open to release seeds or pollen. A dehiscent fruit splits at or after maturity, whereas an indehiscent fruit remains closed, keeping the seeds inside until digestion or decay.

Within fruits, dehiscence can occur in several patterns. Loculicidal dehiscence splits along the walls of the locules; septicidal dehiscence splits along the septa between locules; and valvular dehiscence opens through the fruit’s valves. The result is seed dispersal by mechanical release. Anther dehiscence is another botanical form, in which mature anthers crack or gape to release pollen. This can occur through longitudinal slits or through pores, depending on the flower species.

In medicine, wound dehiscence describes the separation or rupture of a surgical incision or sutured wound. It is a potential complication after surgery and may be partial or complete. Risk factors include infection, poor tissue quality, malnutrition, excessive tension on the wound, and obesity. Management emphasizes wound protection, prompt care for infection, and sometimes surgical revision.