DMAIC

DMAIC is a data-driven quality strategy used for improving existing business processes. It is the core component of the Six Sigma improvement approach and stands for the five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The goal is to reduce process variation and defects by identifying and addressing root causes rather than symptoms.

Traditionally associated with Motorola and later popularized by General Electric in the 1990s, DMAIC is applied to processes that already exist and require performance improvements rather than new process design (which is addressed by DMADV).

In the Define phase, teams frame the problem, define customer requirements, create a project charter, and map the process (often with a SIPOC). In Measure, teams collect data to establish current performance, assess measurement systems, and determine a baseline. In Analyze, data is examined to uncover root causes using tools such as cause-and-effect diagrams, Pareto analysis, hypothesis testing, and regression. In Improve, solutions are generated and validated, often via pilot tests or design of experiments, to achieve targeted gains. In the Control phase, the new process is formalized with control plans, standard operating procedures, training, and ongoing monitoring to sustain improvements.

DMAIC is typically executed by cross-functional teams led by Belt-level practitioners (Black Belts, Green Belts). It relies on data collection, disciplined project charters, and organizational commitment. It is widely used in manufacturing and services, including healthcare, and is often combined with Lean methods to form Lean Six Sigma.

Benefits include higher quality, lower defect rates, reduced costs, and shorter cycle times. Limitations include the need for sufficient data, expertise, and management support, and it may be less suitable for wholly new processes.