Cups

Cups are small vessels used for holding beverages. They are typically designed with a handle and a curved body, though shapes and sizes vary by culture and purpose. In addition to their function as drinkware, the term cup also denotes a standard unit of volume in cooking, defined differently across measurement systems.

In cooking, a cup is a unit of volume equal to 8 U.S. fluid ounces (236.588 ml); a metric or international cup is defined as 250 ml. These measurements are used for converting ingredients and standardizing recipes in many countries.

Materials and construction vary widely. Most drinking cups are made of ceramic (including porcelain and earthenware), glass, metal (such as stainless steel or silver), or plastic. Ceramic and porcelain cups are common in everyday tableware, while insulated cups and travel mugs use double-wall designs to reduce heat transfer. Disposable cups, typically made of paper or expanded polystyrene, are common in cafeterias and events.

Types and usage encompass a range of designs tailored to specific drinks. Teacups are small, shallow vessels with handles used for tea; coffee cups are slightly larger and designed for hot coffee; espresso cups (demitasses) hold small quantities of strong coffee; cappuccino cups are generally larger to accommodate milk foam. Travel and insulated cups are designed for portability. The term is also used for ceremonial or decorative vessels in various cultures.

Care and cultural significance vary by material and design. Porcelain and glass cups may be dishwasher-safe, while delicate items require gentle handling. Cups can reflect cultural traditions, aesthetic preferences, and personal or ceremonial meanings beyond their practical use.