Correctivas

Correctivas, in a quality management context, are actions taken to eliminate the causes of nonconformities or other undesirable situations to prevent their recurrence. They focus on addressing root causes rather than merely treating symptoms. Correctivas are commonly part of broader CAPA programs—corrective and preventive actions—used in standards such as ISO 9001 and other management systems.

The typical correctivas process includes several stages. First, the problem is detected and documented, along with its impact and scope. Next, containment measures are implemented to prevent further impact while the root cause is investigated. Root cause analysis, using methods such as the 5 Whys or Ishikawa diagrams, identifies underlying factors. Based on this analysis, a corrective action plan is developed, detailing the actions, responsible parties, and timelines. After implementation, effectiveness is verified through follow-up monitoring, data analysis, or audits. Finally, results are documented, reviewed by leadership, and integrated into process changes, training, or documentation updates to avoid recurrence.

Correctivas may involve process changes, design modifications, supplier remediation, retraining, or equipment upgrades. They are distinct from preventive actions, which aim to reduce the likelihood of future problems before they occur, and from corrective maintenance, which repairs equipment after failure to restore function. Clear documentation, accountability, and measurable verification are essential to effective corrective actions.