Contortion

Contortion is a performance art and physical discipline in which the performer demonstrates extreme degrees of flexibility, often by bending, twisting, and contorting the body into unusual shapes. The term derives from contortus, Latin for twisted. Contortionists may display extreme backbends, twists, or folds, frequently focusing on the spine, shoulders, hips, and limbs. While some individuals possess natural joint hypermobility, much of contortion relies on specific training, body awareness, and consistent conditioning.

Training generally combines gradual range-of-motion increases with strength, alignment, and proprioception work. Safe practice emphasizes proper warm-up, progressive progressions, and attention to pain and nerve health. Contortion is distinct from general flexibility and is not necessary for everyone; many practitioners have some degree of joint hypermobility, but training is widely considered essential to control and protect the joints.

Health considerations: Because hypermobile joints are more prone to soft-tissue injuries, nerve irritation, and instability, contortion can carry risks, including strains, dislocations, and chronic pain, particularly if pursued without guidance, medical clearance, or attention to joint health. People with diagnosed connective tissue disorders or chronic joint pain should consult healthcare professionals before pursuing advanced flexibility training.

Context and uses: Historically, contortion has appeared in traditional circuses and sideshows and remains common in contemporary circus, dance, and theatre. Performances may involve extreme backbends, folds, or compact shapes, often combined with balance, strength, or choreography.