Coelichlinae

Coelichlinae is a subfamily of birds within the family Trochilidae, commonly known as the hummingbirds. This taxonomic group comprises several genera and species primarily found in the Neotropical region, spanning from southern Mexico through Central America and into South America. The subfamily is characterized by its small size, iridescent plumage, and remarkable ability to hover in mid-air, a trait facilitated by their rapid wing beats, which can exceed 50 beats per second.

The taxonomy of Coelichlinae has undergone revisions, with some classifications placing it within the broader group of "hermit hummingbirds." Notable genera within this subfamily include *Coeligena*, *Oxypogon*, and *Phaethornis*, though the exact composition may vary depending on the source. Species within Coelichlinae often exhibit striking coloration, with metallic greens, blues, and purples common in males, while females tend to be more subdued in coloration.

Ecologically, Coelichlinae species are specialized pollinators, feeding primarily on nectar from flowers while also consuming small insects for protein. Their long, extendable bills and specialized tongues allow them to access nectar from deep within flowers. These birds play a crucial role in pollination, contributing to the reproduction of many plant species in their habitats, which include forests, cloud forests, and montane regions.

Conservation status varies among species, with some facing threats from habitat loss due to deforestation, climate change, and human encroachment. Efforts to protect their natural environments are essential for maintaining biodiversity in the regions they inhabit. Research on Coelichlinae continues to provide insights into their behavior, ecology, and evolutionary relationships within the broader hummingbird family.