Cockatoo

Cockatoos are a group of parrots in the family Cacatuidae, belonging to the order Psittaciformes. They are native to Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands in Indonesia. A hallmark of cockatoos is the prominent movable crest on their heads, which can be raised or lowered, along with generally pale plumage that may be accented by yellow, pink, or black in different species. They possess strong, curved bills and zygodactyl feet, with two toes forward and two backward, which aids in grasping branches and manipulating food.

Taxonomy and diversity: About 21 living cockatoo species are recognized, distributed across several genera including Cacatua, Probosciger, and Eolophus. Notable species include the umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba), Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis), sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita), galah (Eolophus roseicapilla), major Mitchell’s cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri), and the palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus).

Habitat and behavior: Cockatoos inhabit a range of forest, woodland, and savanna environments, often near water. They are highly social, forming pair bonds or small flocks. Their diet comprises seeds, nuts, fruits, tubers, and sometimes insects. They are vocal birds and can be loud; display crests are used in social communication and courtship.

Breeding: Most species nest in tree hollows. Clutches typically consist of a few eggs, with incubation and fledging periods varying by species as in many parrots. Parents feed and brood the young until they can fend for themselves.

Conservation and human use: Some species are common and listed as least concern, while others are threatened by habitat loss and the illegal pet trade. Cockatoos are popular in captivity for their intelligence and social nature but require substantial enrichment and long-term commitment, as lifespans can extend for decades.