Cisti

Cisti (singular cisti) is the term used in Italian medical language for a cyst. In medicine, a cyst is a closed sac that is usually lined by epithelium and can contain fluid, air, or semi-solid material. Cysts may arise anywhere in the body and can be congenital, developmental, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic. Most cysts are benign, but some require evaluation or treatment.

Common sites include the kidneys (renal cysts), liver (hepatic cysts), ovaries (ovarian cysts), breasts, pancreas, brain, and skin. Cysts are commonly classified as simple (thin-walled and fluid-filled) or complex (multiloculated or with solid components). Simple cysts are usually benign; complex cysts may require further imaging or biopsy to assess cancer risk.

Symptoms depend on location and size. Many cysts are asymptomatic and found incidentally. Larger cysts can cause pain, fullness, or pressure, while rupture or infection may complicate some cases.

Diagnosis relies on imaging. Ultrasound is typically first-line; CT or MRI may further characterize the lesion. Fluid aspiration or biopsy may be used when results are unclear or cancer risk is a concern. Blood tests may support assessment in certain contexts, such as ovarian cysts.

Management ranges from observation to intervention. Asymptomatic simple cysts often require no treatment, with follow-up imaging. Symptomatic, enlarging, hemorrhagic, or complex cysts may be drained, treated with sclerotherapy, or removed surgically (laparoscopy or, rarely, open surgery). Decisions depend on size, symptoms, age, and malignancy risk.

Prognosis varies by cyst type. Many cysts remain benign and stable; some recur after treatment. Regular follow-up is common to monitor changes.