Car

A car, or automobile, is a wheeled motor vehicle designed for the transport of passengers on roads. Most cars have four wheels and are equipped with seats for one or more occupants, a steering mechanism, and a propulsion system powered by an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, or a combination of both.

The development of self-propelled road vehicles began in the late 19th century. Karl Benz built what is widely regarded as the first practical automobile powered by an internal combustion engine in 1885–1886. The automotive industry expanded in the 20th century, with mass production methods introduced by Henry Ford that helped make cars more affordable and accessible.

Key subsystems include the chassis or unibody structure, the body, the powertrain, the transmission, the suspension, the braking system, steering, tires, and the electrical/electronic systems that control engine management, safety features, and in-car information systems. Safety improvements over time have included seat belts, airbags, crash structures, anti-lock braking, and electronic stability control.

Body styles vary widely, including sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, SUVs, pickup trucks, and vans. Propulsion options include internal combustion engines running on gasoline or diesel, electric motors in battery electric vehicles, hybrid and plug-in hybrid systems, and hydrogen fuel cells.

Cars have significantly influenced urban planning, economies, and energy use. Regulatory and market pressures have pushed toward greater efficiency and lower emissions. Current trends focus on electrification, autonomous driving research, advanced driver-assistance systems, connectivity, shared mobility concepts, and the use of lightweight materials to improve efficiency.