Capillari

Capillari is a genus of parasitic nematodes in the family Capillariidae. Members of this group infect a variety of vertebrate hosts, including birds and mammals, and have historically been associated with intestinal, hepatic, and respiratory infections. Over time, taxonomic revisions have moved many species previously placed in Capillaria to other genera, such as Eucoleus, Pearsonema, Aonchotheca, and Calodium, so older literature may refer to Capillaria in broader terms than current classifications.

Species associated with humans and animals include those that cause intestinal, hepatic, or pulmonary disease. The most notable examples in humans are intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis, which can lead to malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss, and hepatic or hepatic-like infections by Capillaria hepatica. Pulmonary infections have been linked to some Capillaria-related species in canines and felines, though modern classifications often place these parasites in related genera. Zoonotic cases have been reported but are relatively uncommon.

Diagnosis typically relies on identification of characteristic eggs or adult worms in clinical specimens such as stool, tissue biopsies, or, in some cases, sputum or other relevant samples. Serological or molecular methods may aid in confirmation, especially when conventional microscopy is inconclusive.

Treatment depends on the species and site of infection but generally involves anthelmintic medications. Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to contaminated soil or intermediate hosts, improving sanitation, and controlling infection in animal reservoirs. Given taxonomic changes, clinicians and researchers often reference both historical Capillaria names and the revised genera to specify the organism involved.