Candidíase

Candidíase, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, with Candida albicans being the most common species involved. This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, genitals, skin, and bloodstream. The infection occurs when there is an imbalance in the body’s natural flora or when the immune system is weakened, allowing Candida to overgrow.

Oral candidiasis, often referred to as thrush, presents as creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth. Genital candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, causes itching, redness, discharge, and discomfort in the affected area. Skin candidiasis appears as red, moist patches, often in warm, humid areas like skin folds. In immunocompromised individuals, Candida can invade deeper tissues or spread via the bloodstream, leading to systemic candidiasis, which can be life-threatening.

Risk factors for candidiasis include antibiotic use, diabetes, immunosuppressive therapies, hormonal changes, poor hygiene, and conditions that cause excessive moisture or skin breakdown. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and may be confirmed by microscopic examination, cultures, or rapid diagnostic tests.

Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, which can be prescribed topically or systemically depending on the infection's severity. Preventative measures include maintaining good hygiene, managing underlying health conditions, and avoiding excessive use of antibiotics. Although candidiasis is generally not contagious, it can spread through direct contact or contaminated objects.

Overall, candidiasis is a common fungal infection with a range of manifestations, predominantly manageable with appropriate medical care. Awareness of risk factors and early intervention help prevent complications and promote recovery.