Campeloma

Campeloma is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails and slugs in the family Campelomatidae. These mollusks are primarily found in the Americas, with species distributed across North, Central, and South America. The name "Campeloma" derives from the Greek words *kampē* (meaning "bent") and *lōma* (meaning "edge"), referring to the distinctive shape of their shells.

Members of the genus Campeloma are characterized by their relatively small, smooth, and often conical or oval shells, which can range from a few millimeters to about 2 centimeters in diameter. Some species lack a shell entirely, resembling slugs. Their shells are typically thin and translucent, allowing the underlying body to be visible. The coloration varies among species, often featuring shades of brown, gray, or white, sometimes with darker markings.

Campeloma species inhabit a variety of environments, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas, often near moisture-rich habitats such as streams or damp soil. They are generally nocturnal, emerging at night to feed on decaying plant material, fungi, and algae. Their diet contributes to nutrient cycling in ecosystems by breaking down organic matter.

Reproduction in Campeloma typically involves internal fertilization, with females laying clusters of small, yellow eggs. Development is direct, meaning there is no larval stage, and juveniles resemble miniature adults upon hatching. Some species exhibit hermaphroditism, possessing both male and female reproductive organs, though cross-fertilization is common.

Conservation status varies among Campeloma species, with many considered of least concern due to their widespread distribution and adaptability. However, habitat loss and environmental degradation pose potential threats to certain populations. Research on these snails remains limited, and their ecological roles are not fully understood in many regions.

Campeloma species are of interest to malacologists (scientists who study mollusks) for their unique anatomical features and evolutionary adaptations. Their study contributes to broader insights into terrestrial gastropod diversity and behavior.