CNCrouting

CNCrouting, often written CNC routing, is a manufacturing process that uses computer numerical control to guide a cutting tool along multiple axes to shape materials such as wood, plastics, foam, and some soft metals. A CNC router combines a rigid frame, a motorized spindle, drive components (stepper or servo motors and ball screws or racks), and a computer control system that interprets G-code to move the tool along X, Y, and often Z axes. The setup enables automated, repeatable operations with high dimensional accuracy compared with manual routing.

Workflow: A design is created in CAD software, then converted to a CAM program that generates toolpaths and G-code. The program is loaded into the router’s controller, the workpiece is clamped, and the machine executes the programmed moves. Operators select tooling, speed, and feed rates according to material and cutter geometry.

Materials and tooling: Common materials include wood, plywood, MDF, plastics, and foam; aluminum can be machined with appropriate tooling and conditions. End mills of various diameters and flute counts are used; tool life and surface finish depend on material, tool, feeds, and speeds.

Applications include cabinetry, furniture components, signs, prototyping, and decorative parts; it enables complex 2D shapes and some 3D relief work.

History and context: CNC routing evolved from earlier numerically controlled machining, with desktop and hobbyist machines becoming widely available in the late 1990s and 2000s, expanding access for small shops and makers.

Safety and considerations: Dust extraction and PPE are important; proper clamps; machine guards; homing and limit switches; caution with material and tool wear.

See also: CNC milling, G-code, CAD/CAM.