Bunchgrass

Bunchgrass is a growth form of grasses characterized by tuft- or tussock-forming habit. Unlike rhizomatous grasses that spread by underground runners, bunchgrasses typically establish discrete clumps with little lateral spread. They reproduce by seed and have mainly fibrous roots; many species also develop deep root systems that help them survive drought and heat.

This growth habit is common in temperate and semi-arid regions, including North American prairies, steppes, and montane grasslands. Bunchgrasses contribute to soil stabilization, litter accumulation, and fire behavior; their dense clumps influence water infiltration and microhabitats for small wildlife. They are often dominant components of native grasslands and rangelands.

Examples of representative bunchgrasses include big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), and several Festuca and Nassella species. The term "bunchgrass" describes a growth form rather than a single taxonomic group and encompasses many genera.

In land management and restoration, bunchgrasses are valued for drought tolerance, erosion control, and forage quality. Their tufted habit makes them less aggressive spreaders, but they can be slow to recover after disturbance and may be outcompeted by invasive annual grasses. Restoration often combines bunchgrasses with other species and appropriate disturbance regimes to maintain cover and ecosystem function.