Bothriuridae

Bothriuridae is a family of scorpions found in South America. These scorpions are characterized by their segmented tail, or metasoma, which is typically wider than the body and features a series of ventral keels. The mesosoma, or body, is broad and flattened. Their pedipalps, or pincers, are generally robust. Bothriuridae are medium-sized scorpions, with most species ranging from 40 to 60 millimeters in length. Their coloration varies but often includes shades of brown, yellow, or black.

The distribution of Bothriuridae is primarily concentrated in the southern cone of South America, including Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. They inhabit a range of environments, from arid deserts and grasslands to more mesic scrublands and forests. Many species are fossorial, meaning they live in burrows, which they excavate themselves or utilize existing cavities. This behavior helps them escape extreme temperatures and predators.

While not considered highly dangerous to humans, the venom of Bothriuridae species can cause localized pain, swelling, and discomfort. Some species may have more potent venom than others, but fatalities are rare. Their diet consists mainly of insects and other small invertebrates, which they capture using their pedipalps and immobilize with their sting. Reproduction in Bothriuridae, like in other scorpions, involves courtship rituals and the transfer of a spermatophore from the male to the female. Females give birth to live young, which then climb onto their mother's back for protection and nourishment until their first molt.