Bloatware

Bloatware refers to software that comes pre-installed on devices and is widely perceived as unnecessary or burdensome. It often occupies storage, consumes memory, and runs background processes that can degrade performance or limit user choice. Examples include trial software, advertising-supported apps, and vendor or carrier utilities.

While some bundled software offers legitimate value, much bloatware is installed by device manufacturers (OEMs), mobile carriers, or third-party software vendors to monetize devices or promote services. On smartphones, a range of proprietary apps may accompany the operating system; desktop computers may come with utilities and trials.

Impacts include reduced available storage, increased battery usage, slower boot times, and more background network activity. Some bloatware can introduce privacy or security concerns if it collects data, updates irregularly, or conflicts with user-installed applications. The precise impact varies by device, operating system, and user behavior.

Removal and management practices vary. Many apps can be uninstalled or disabled, but some are protected by the OS or firmware and require more advanced steps, such as device rooting or flashing a different ROM on mobile devices, or performing a clean reinstall on desktop systems. Backups are advised before making changes.

Debates center on whether bundled software offers reliability and support versus eroding user control and performance. Some vendors now offer minimal or opt-out configurations, and users can choose devices with fewer pre-installed apps or use official tools to remove them.