Binaarne

Binaarne is the Estonian adjective meaning binary and is used to describe systems, representations, and concepts based on two elements. In mathematics and computer science, binaarne refers to the binary numeral system, which uses only two digits: 0 and 1. Each digit is a bit; eight bits form a byte, and larger groups are used to encode data and instructions.

In computing, binary is fundamental because digital circuits operate in two states, often represented by low and high voltage. Binary numbers are used to perform arithmetic, store information, and encode instructions for processors and memory. Machine code, assembly language, and many software representations are ultimately compiled into binary instructions that hardware executes. Binary encoding schemes also appear in data formats, character representations (such as binary forms of ASCII and Unicode), and network protocols.

Historically, the binary numeral system was described by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century, who connected it to philosophical ideas about duality and unity. The practical adoption of binary logic grew in the 20th century with the development of electronic computers, digital logic design, and semiconductor technology, making binary the de facto standard in modern computing.

In Estonian-language contexts, binaarne is used in phrases such as binaarne süsteem (binary system) and binaarne kood (binary code). The term underpins education and discourse in computer science and information technology, and may also appear in branding or naming outside technical contexts.