Betlém

Betlém is a Czech and Slovak word meaning Bethlehem, and it most commonly refers to nativity scenes. These are three-dimensional representations of the birth of Jesus Christ, typically displayed during the Christmas season. While the term can encompass any nativity scene, in Czech and Slovak culture, it often refers to elaborate, often mechanical, wooden carvings that are particularly popular. These intricate betlémy can include moving figures, depicting not only the Holy Family, shepherds, and wise men, but also various aspects of rural life, local traditions, and historical events.

The tradition of creating and displaying nativity scenes in the Czech Republic and Slovakia dates back centuries. Early betlémy were often simple, static displays, but over time, artisans developed increasingly complex and artistic versions. Mechanical betlémy, where figures move via a system of cranks and gears, became a popular attraction, especially in churches and public spaces. Some of these mechanical betlémy are enormous, spanning many meters and featuring hundreds of figures. Smaller, portable betlémy are also common, often passed down through generations as family heirlooms. The creation of betlémy is considered a significant folk art tradition, with many contemporary artists continuing to craft unique and innovative pieces, blending traditional motifs with modern interpretations.