shepherds

A shepherd is a person who tends, guards, and guides flocks of sheep or other grazing livestock. The term may also apply to people who supervise herds of goats or cattle in some regions. Shepherds may work alone or in teams, and duties vary with climate and terrain.

Historically, shepherding is among the oldest forms of animal husbandry. It has been practiced across Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, often involving seasonal movements between pastures. In many areas, this practice, known as transhumance, balances winter and summer grazing for the flock.

Typical duties include monitoring animal health, counting and identifying individuals, guiding the flock to feed and water, and separating animals for breeding or medical treatment. Shepherds also oversee lambing and docking, manage weaning, and coordinate shearing. They guard the flock against predators and theft and may maintain records of births, vaccinations, and movements. Tools commonly used include a shepherd's crook or staff and, in many operations, a trained sheepdog that helps move and guard the flock.

Shepherd dogs are integral to many systems. Breeds such as the border collie, kelpie, Anatolian shepherd, and maremma sheepdog are trained to drive, gather, and guard flocks, often through vocal commands and precise movement. In some regions, guardian dogs stay with the flock year-round to deter predators.

In contemporary agriculture, shepherding may be part of farm labor, contracted herding, or community pastoralism. While mechanization, fencing, and veterinary care have changed workloads, shepherds remain central to pasture management, animal welfare, and cultural traditions in many rural communities.