Bendera

Bendera is the Indonesian and Malay term for a flag or banner: a piece of cloth bearing colors, symbols, or inscriptions used to indicate nationality, organization, or allegiance. Flags are used on government buildings, at schools and public events, and at sea, reflecting a long-standing practice across Malay-speaking regions. The concept and its various forms appear in many contexts, from ceremonial displays to political banners.

Origin and etymology: The word bendera is native to Malay and Indonesian, with historical linguistic influences in the region. The exact origin is not universally agreed. Related terms in the broader lexicon include panji, an older word for a banner, and lencana, meaning emblem or insignia.

Indonesian national flag: Indonesia’s national flag is called Sang Merah Putih, consisting of two horizontal bands of equal size: red on top and white below. It was adopted as the national flag on 17 August 1945, following the Proclamation of Independence. The colors are commonly interpreted as red symbolizing courage and white symbolizing purity, though the meanings are not codified in law. Flags in Indonesia are protected by law, and ceremonial flag-raising (upacara bendera) is a regular feature at schools and public events. The flag also functions as the country’s civil and state ensign.

Other uses: Beyond the national flag, bendera denotes regional and institutional flags, including government, military, and maritime ensigns. In everyday life, banners are used in parades, celebrations, and political campaigns. The term remains a general label for flags and banners across Malay-speaking communities.