insignia

An insignia is a distinguishing mark or sign that conveys identity, authority, rank, affiliation, achievement, or function. The word comes from the Latin insigne, meaning a mark of distinction. Insignia are typically worn, displayed, or affixed to clothing, equipment, or documents to communicate information at a glance.

Insignia take many forms, including badges, patches, pins, shoulder boards, crests, seals, and emblems. In organizational contexts, a logo can also function as an insignia. They are used across military, police, and paramilitary forces to denote rank, unit, or branch; to indicate qualifications, special skills, or appointments; and to identify membership or assignment. Outside uniforms, insignia include corporate brands and other marks that serve as visual identifiers for institutions, associations, or families. In heraldry, insignia are elements of coats of arms or family crests.

Distinctions are often made among related terms. A badge is a specific sign that grants or proves membership or status; an emblem represents an organization or idea; heraldic insignia are symbolic devices in a coat of arms. The study and use of insignia can involve regulations governing who may wear them, where they may be displayed, and how they are reproduced to prevent impersonation or misuse.

Historically, insignia have served both practical and symbolic roles, from military uniforms bearing rank marks to knights displaying heraldic devices on banners. In modern contexts, they continue as essential identifiers in organizations, service communities, and branding, balancing recognition, authority, and tradition.