Bauchraumdruck

Bauchraumdruck, also known as intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), refers to the pressure within the abdominal cavity. This pressure is a dynamic physiological parameter that fluctuates with respiration, posture, and various physiological and pathological conditions. The abdominal cavity is a closed space bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, the pelvic floor inferiorly, the abdominal wall anteriorly and laterally, and the retroperitoneal structures and vertebral column posteriorly.

Elevations in IAP can occur due to factors such as coughing, straining, vomiting, obesity, pregnancy, ascites, or intra-abdominal masses. Mild to moderate increases in IAP are generally well-tolerated and can contribute to abdominal wall stability and assist in functions like defecation and urination. However, sustained or significant elevations can lead to a condition known as abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from elevated IAP. High IAP can compromise blood flow to abdominal organs, impair respiratory function by flattening the diaphragm, and affect cardiovascular performance by reducing venous return. Management of elevated IAP often involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, and in severe cases of ACS, decompressive laparotomy may be necessary to relieve the pressure. Monitoring IAP is crucial in critically ill patients, especially those with abdominal trauma, sepsis, or major abdominal surgery.