Barbe

Barbe is the French term for a beard, the facial hair that grows on the lower face, including the chin, jawline, and cheeks, and sometimes extending to the mustache. The word derives from Old French barbe and ultimately from Latin barba, meaning beard.

In humans, beard growth is influenced by hormones, particularly testosterone, and by genetics. Growth begins at puberty and varies widely in density, length, and pattern among individuals and populations. Beards can serve multiple social functions and convey different meanings in various cultures and historical periods, from markers of masculinity or wisdom to fashion statements.

Grooming and care are commonly part of beard upkeep. People trim or shape their beards to achieve a desired style, using razors, clippers, combs, and scissors. Conditioning products such as beard oil, balm, and shampoo are often used to maintain softness, reduce itch, and promote skin health. Regular washing and hygiene help prevent irritation and ingrown hairs, while care routines may be tailored to hair type and climate.

Beard styles range from short stubble to long, full beards. Popular variants include the full beard, goatee, circle beard, Van Dyke, and trimmed corporate beard. Maintenance needs vary with hair texture, skin sensitivity, and personal preference.

In contemporary contexts, beards can reflect personal identity, cultural heritage, or fashion sensibilities, and may interact with social or professional norms. See also moustache, facial hair, and grooming.