beards

A beard is facial hair that grows on the chin, jawline, and cheeks and is typically fuller than sideburns. Beard growth is driven primarily by androgens, especially testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Onset commonly occurs during puberty; growth rate varies by genetics, age, ethnicity, and health. Beards can continue to fill in for several years after initial growth.

Historically, beards have held various social and cultural meanings. In many cultures, beards symbolize maturity, wisdom, or religious devotion. They have been regulated or stylized in different eras, from ancient Mesopotamian beards to Victorian facial hair fashions. Beards may convey gender identity, tradition, or fashion.

Common styles include full beard, short beard, stubble, goatee, Van Dyke, circle beard, and chin strap. Grooming involves washing, trimming, and sometimes conditioning; tools include razors, clippers, maintenance oils, and balms. Some men experience patchy growth or skin irritation under facial hair; care may involve exfoliation and proper shaving methods to prevent ingrown hairs. Beards can require more time and effort to maintain cleanliness.

In modern society, beards coexist with various grooming trends and professional norms. Perceptions of beards vary by culture and setting, influencing style choices. Health considerations include skin health under facial hair, risk of skin conditions such as folliculitis, and hygiene practices.