balm

Balm is a term with two related meanings in botanical and everyday use. In botany and perfumery, balm (often spelled balsam) designates a fragrant, sticky resin or oleoresin secreted by certain plants, especially trees and shrubs. In everyday language, balm also refers to a soothing topical preparation—an ointment, salve, or unguent—used to moisturize or ease minor skin irritation.

Resins known as balsams are valued for their aroma and adhesive properties. Notable examples include Canada balsam, obtained from the balsam fir (Abies balsamea); balsam of Peru and balsam of Tolu, derived from Myroxylon balsamum. These resins are typically used in perfumery, varnishes, and traditional medicines; they may be dissolved in oils or solvents for various formulations. The term balm is often used interchangeably with balsam in common language.

Balms as topical preparations are designed to soften, moisturize, and protect the skin. They commonly contain a base such as wax and oil, and may incorporate added ingredients for fragrance or skin-soothing effects. Lip balms, hand balms, and medicinal balms are common forms. While balms can relieve minor irritations, users should consider allergies and product labeling.

Etymology: The word balm derives from Latin balsamum, Greek balsamon, passing into Old French and English; the dual senses reflect the resinous origin and later therapeutic uses.