moisturize

Moisturize refers to applying topical products to the skin to reduce water loss and improve hydration. The goal is to support the skin’s barrier, alleviate dryness, and improve texture and comfort. Moisturizing is commonly used on the face and body and is particularly important in dry climates, with aging, or when skin is prone to irritation or eczema.

Moisturizers work through three main actions: humectants attract water to the outer skin layers, emollients soften and smooth the skin, and occlusives form a barrier that limits trans-epidermal water loss. Products vary in texture and strength. Creams and ointments are more occlusive and suitable for very dry or later-stage skin, while lotions and gels are lighter and often preferred for oily or acne-prone skin. Some formulas include ingredients that support the skin barrier, such as ceramides or fatty acids.

Common ingredients include humectants like glycerin, propylene glycol, and hyaluronic acid; emollients such as esters, oils, and fats (for example squalane or fatty alcohols); and occlusives like petrolatum, mineral oil, and silicone derivatives. Fragrance-free formulations are generally recommended for sensitive or reactive skin, as fragrances can cause irritation in some individuals.

How to use: apply moisturizers to clean skin, ideally when it is still slightly damp to lock in moisture. Use on the face and body as needed, with more frequent application in dry or harsh conditions. Daytime products should be compatible with sunscreen; individuals with persistent dryness or skin conditions should consult a clinician.

Storage and safety: store in a cool, dry place and check expiration dates. Discard products that change in smell, texture, or color.