Azalea

Azalea is a genus of flowering shrubs in the family Ericaceae. In many classifications, azaleas are treated as part of Rhododendron, but they are commonly discussed as a distinct group. They are valued for dense clusters of blossoms in spring, often lasting several weeks.

Description: Azaleas are mostly evergreen or deciduous shrubs ranging from about 0.5 to 3 meters tall. Leaves are simple and alternately arranged. Flowers appear in showy trusses, usually in spring, with a funnel- or bell-shaped corolla and five lobes. Colors include pink, red, white, purple, and sometimes orange or bi-colored.

Distribution and habitat: Native to Asia (notably China, Japan, and Korea) and parts of Europe and North America. They favor acidic, well-drained soils rich in organic matter and typically grow in partial shade, resembling woodland understory habitats. Hardiness varies by cultivar, commonly zones 5–9.

Cultivation and care: Plant in acidic soil with pH around 4.5–6.0, and apply ample organic mulch. Provide bright, indirect light or dappled shade; protect from harsh afternoon sun and strong winds. Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Prune after flowering to maintain shape; avoid heavy pruning in evergreen types. Propagation is commonly by semi-hardwood cuttings or layering; many cultivars exist, including Kurume, Satsuki, and Encore types.

Pests, diseases, and toxicity: Common pests include azalea lace bug and spider mites; diseases include powdery mildew and root rot in poorly drained soils. Azaleas contain grayanotoxins; ingestion by humans or animals can cause illness. Honey produced from nectar can cause poisoning in some cases.

Etymology and cultural context: The name azalea derives from Greek azaleos, meaning dry. In East Asia azaleas are valued in gardens and traditional poetry, and feature in regional festivals.