Azaleas

Azaleas are flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, primarily within the subgroups that are collectively referred to as azaleas. They are in the family Ericaceae and include both evergreen and deciduous species. Azaleas are native to Asia and North America and are widely grown as ornamental plants. They produce abundant clusters of funnel-shaped blossoms in spring, often in shades of white, pink, red, purple, and yellow. Leaves are typically small and may be evergreen or deciduous depending on the species.

Many cultivars have been developed for flower color, form, and hardiness. Evergreen azaleas usually prefer milder winters and more sheltered sites, while deciduous types can tolerate colder conditions. Flowering time varies among species and cultivars, but spring bloom is most common. After flowering, pruning and thinning help maintain shape and promote good air circulation.

Cultivation and care emphasize acidic, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Ideal soil pH is roughly 4.5 to 6.0. Mulch to conserve moisture and regulate temperature, and avoid lime or highly alkaline amendments. Provide partial shade or filtered light; in hot climates, some afternoon shade reduces leaf scorch. Keep soils evenly moist but not waterlogged. Fertilize sparingly with an acidifying, balanced shrub fertilizer after flowering.

Azaleas can be propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings or layering, though many gardeners use cuttings from selected cultivars. Common pests and diseases include rhododendron lace bug, azalea caterpillars, powdery mildew, and root rot from Phytophthora pathogens, which are more likely in poorly drained soils.

Toxicity: all parts contain grayanotoxins and can be harmful if ingested by people or pets. Azaleas are valued for their seasonal beauty and are widely used in mixed borders, woodland gardens, and containers.