Awassi

Awassi is a domestic sheep breed native to the Middle East, particularly the Levant and Arabian Peninsula. Often identified by its distinctive long, white hair and exceptional adaptability to arid and semi‑arid climates, the Awassi has played a central role in the livelihoods of pastoral communities in present‑day Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and parts of Egypt. The breed’s thick, often egg‑shaped fleece is prized for wool production, and the animals are also raised for meat, milk, and as pack stock. Awassi sheep are usually medium‑to‑large in size, with ewes weighing 60 to 80 kilograms and rams up to 110 kilograms. They display a characteristic white coat, a long, feathered tail, and large, folded ears that help dissipate heat.

Awassi populations adapt to harsh desert environments thanks to efficient water conservation and seasonal grazing patterns. They are highly fertile, with ewes typically lambing twice per year, and their offspring thrive in low‑fertility pastures where other breeds may struggle. Over time, selective breeding has produced several local variants, such as the “Awassi” of the Iron Triangle and the “Awassi‑J Mountain” strains. However, genetic diversity within the breed is a growing concern, prompting conservation initiatives in several Middle‑Eastern countries. Current research explores the Awassi’s resistance to parasites and its potential for sustainable livestock management under climate‑change scenarios. Overall, the Awassi remains a cornerstone of rural economies and cultural traditions across the region.