Artärblockeringar

Artärblockeringar, also known as arterial blockages or atherosclerosis, occur when plaque builds up inside the arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs.

The development of arterial blockages is a gradual process that often begins in childhood. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease. Genetics can also play a role.

Symptoms of artärblockeringar depend on which arteries are affected and how severe the blockage is. If arteries supplying the heart are narrowed, it can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Blockages in arteries leading to the brain can cause a stroke. Peripheral artery disease, affecting the limbs, can result in pain, cramping, or numbness.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests such as blood tests, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, ultrasound, CT scans, or angiography.

Treatment aims to slow or stop the progression of the blockage and manage symptoms. This can include lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. Medications may be prescribed to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, or prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty with stenting or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.