Arsitektur

Arsitektur, commonly translated as architecture, is the discipline focused on planning, designing, and overseeing the construction of buildings and spaces. It integrates aesthetics, function, safety, and context, with the aim of creating environments that support human activities and experiences.

The practice encompasses a design process that starts with a brief and site analysis, moves through concept development and schematic design, and proceeds to design development, technical documentation, and construction. Architects coordinate with engineers, clients, contractors, and regulators to realize a project.

Architectural history spans from ancient monuments and classical orders to Gothic cathedrals, Renaissance palazzos, and modernist, postmodern, and contemporary styles. Movements emphasize different relations between form, structure, technology, and social purpose, with evolving concerns such as urban planning, sustainability, and cultural identity.

In most countries, becoming an architect requires formal study, usually a degree in architecture, followed by practical experience and licensing or registration. Professional bodies provide standards, codes of ethics, and advocacy. Architecture is practiced by individuals and firms, and collaborations with engineers, landscape designers, and planners are common.

Digital tools such as computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) support analysis, visualization, and documentation. There is a growing emphasis on sustainability, energy efficiency, accessibility, and resilience, which shape modern practice and its impact on cities and environments.

Architecture shapes daily life and cultural identity, responds to climate and resources, and raises questions about aesthetics, ownership, and public space.