architect

An architect is a licensed design professional who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings and other structures. Architects balance aesthetics, function, safety, and compliance with building codes and regulations, translating client goals into built form.

Education and licensure vary by country, but typically include completing an accredited architecture degree (bachelor’s or master’s), a period of practical training, and passing professional examinations. In many jurisdictions architects must maintain licensure through continuing education.

The architect's work spans programming, site analysis, schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding, and construction administration. They coordinate with engineers, contractors, and clients, produce drawings and models, and may use digital tools such as CAD and BIM to visualize and detail projects.

Practice areas include residential, commercial, institutional, urban design, interior architecture, and historic preservation. Architects may specialize in sustainability, accessibility, or cultural heritage, and often work on urban planning, master planning, and restoration projects.

Historically, architecture emerged from craft traditions and evolved into a regulated profession in ancient, medieval, and Renaissance periods, with modern developments in design theory and building science. The 20th century brought modernism and postmodernism; today digital design and sustainability shape most practice.

Ethical responsibilities emphasize public safety, energy efficiency, universal access, and preservation of cultural heritage. Architects must balance client needs, budgets, and regulatory constraints while addressing environmental and social impacts.