Anagyrus

Anagyrus is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Encyrtidae. The genus comprises numerous species that are predominantly egg parasitoids of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and related scale insects. Female wasps locate mealybug eggs on plant surfaces and lay their own eggs inside the host eggs, with the developing larva consuming the host egg and often killing the developing mealybug.

Biology and ecology of Anagyrus species are tied to the presence of their mealybug hosts. They are generally small insects, with adults typically ranging from about 1 to 4 millimeters in length. The life cycle is closely synchronized with the host, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity influence the success of parasitism and development.

Distribution and habitat of Anagyrus species span tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, especially in agricultural landscapes where mealybugs are pests. They play a role in natural pest suppression and are frequently studied for use in biological control programs.

Economic and agricultural importance: Anagyrus species have been employed in classical biological control to manage mealybug outbreaks. A notable example is Anagyrus lopezi, introduced to Africa and parts of Asia in the late 20th century to combat the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti, contributing to declines in pest populations and stabilization of cassava yields. Ongoing research aims to optimize mass rearing, host specificity, and release strategies to maximize benefits while minimizing non-target effects.

Taxonomy and research: The genus is part of Encyrtidae, a diverse family of parasitoid wasps. Identification relies on morphological characteristics and, increasingly, molecular methods. Anagyrus remains an active focus of biocontrol and systematics research.