Alkoholisti

Alkoholisti is the Finnish term for a person with alcohol use disorder, a condition characterized by problematic drinking that impairs health, social functioning, or responsibilities. In English-language medical terminology, the preferred term is Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The word alcoholic or alkoholisti can carry stigma, so neutral language is recommended in clinical and public discussions.

Alcohol use disorder is multifactorial. Genetic susceptibility, early exposure to alcohol, adverse childhood experiences, and psychosocial stress interact with neurobiological changes in brain reward pathways. Environmental factors, such as availability and cultural norms, also influence risk.

AUD is diagnosed when a pattern of drinking leads to impairment or distress, as defined by criteria such as craving, loss of control, increased tolerance, withdrawal, neglect of obligations, and continued use despite harm. The DSM-5 and ICD-11 provide criteria and severity levels (mild, moderate, severe).

Heavy and prolonged alcohol use increases risks for liver disease, cardiovascular problems, neurological disorders, accidents, and mental health comorbidity. It can strain relationships, employment, and finances, and carries substantial societal costs.

Interventions include brief motivational interviews, counseling, and pharmacotherapy (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) to support abstinence or reduction. Behavioral therapies (CBT, motivational interviewing), mutual-help groups, and integrated care for co-occurring disorders improve outcomes. Relapse prevention and ongoing support are important.

In Finland and many other countries, efforts emphasize non-stigmatizing language and access to treatment. For more information, consult medical guidelines such as DSM-5-TR or ICD-11, or national health services.