Aerofotogramétrica

Aerofotogramétrica refers to the science and art of making measurements from aerial photographs. It is a fundamental technique within the broader field of photogrammetry, which deals with obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena. Aerofotogramétrica specifically utilizes photographs taken from aircraft, satellites, or drones.

The core principle of aerofotogramétrica relies on the geometric properties of perspective projection. When an object is photographed from two different positions, the difference in its apparent position in the two images, known as parallax, can be used to determine its height and distance. This is often achieved by using stereo pairs of photographs, which are two overlapping images taken from slightly different viewpoints. By analyzing these stereo pairs with specialized equipment or software, three-dimensional models of the terrain or objects can be created.

Applications of aerofotogramétrica are vast and include topographic mapping, urban planning, environmental monitoring, geological surveys, infrastructure management, and archaeological research. It allows for the creation of detailed maps, digital elevation models, and 3D representations of landscapes without direct physical contact with the ground, making it an efficient and safe method for data acquisition, especially in remote or hazardous areas. The accuracy of aerofotogramétrica measurements depends on factors such as camera calibration, flight altitude, overlap between photographs, and ground control points.