APQP

APQP, or Advanced Product Quality Planning, is a structured framework used to ensure consistent and thorough planning of product quality throughout the development and launch of a new product. It is widely applied in the automotive industry and supply chains, with an emphasis on aligning customer requirements with supplier capabilities and preventing defects early in the development cycle.

The approach originated in the automotive sector during the 1990s, developed by major automakers and the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG). While rooted in automotive quality systems, APQP has since been adopted by other industries seeking clearer planning, better risk management, and more reliable product introductions. It integrates with broader quality management and product development processes to support cross-functional collaboration.

APQP comprises five phases: plan and define program; product design and development; process design and development; product and process validation; and feedback, assessment, and corrective action. Each phase defines objectives, activities, responsibilities, timing, and deliverables, and culminates in formal reviews and approvals before moving to the next stage. The framework emphasizes early risk assessment, design and process verification, and robust planning for part production and launch.

Key outputs of APQP include artifacts such as the plan and defined program, design and process FMEAs (DFMEA and PFMEA), control plans, design and process validations, and the Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) package. Measurement system analysis (MSA) and process capabilities are often incorporated to support validation and continuous improvement.

APQP relies on cross-functional teamwork involving customers and suppliers, with governance through gates and sign-offs at each phase. When effectively implemented, it aims to improve product quality, reduce development risk, and streamline time-to-market, though it can require substantial upfront planning and documentation.