3Darvutigraafika

3Darvutigraafika is the field of generating and manipulating three-dimensional digital representations of objects and scenes using computers. It encompasses modeling, texturing, lighting, shading, animation, and rendering. The aim is to create visual content that can be realistic or stylized for film, games, simulations, and visualization.

Central to 3Darvutigraafika is the production pipeline. Modeling creates 3D objects using polygons or other surface representations. Texturing adds surface detail by applying images or procedural patterns. Lighting and shading define how surfaces interact with light, influencing realism and mood. Animation brings motion by changing object parameters over time, and rendering produces the final 2D images or sequences from the 3D scene.

Rendering techniques include rasterization, commonly used for real-time applications such as video games, and ray tracing, known for higher realism by simulating light paths. Modern engines blend both approaches and rely on hardware acceleration through GPUs. Physically based rendering and global illumination are widely used to achieve consistent appearances across materials and lighting.

Common file formats and tools support the workflow, including formats like OBJ, FBX, and glTF, and software ranging from 3D modeling packages to production pipelines. The field has grown with advances in GPU architecture, shading languages, and real-time engines, enabling high-quality visuals in interactive and cinematic projects.

3Darvutigraafika finds applications across entertainment, architecture visualization, industrial design, scientific visualization, and training simulations. Ongoing trends include real-time ray tracing, physically based rendering, AI-assisted content creation, and virtual reality and augmented reality integration.