Überdehnen

Überdehnen is the German term for overstretching of a muscle, tendon, ligament, or a joint beyond its normal length or capacity. In medical and sports contexts it describes a stretch injury that results from applying force or movement limits that exceed tissue tolerance, often due to improper technique, insufficient warm-up, or excessive joint mobility.

Mechanisms of overextension include microtears in muscle fibers (strain) or partial to complete tears of tendons or ligaments (sprain or rupture). It can also lead to joint instability, nerve irritation, or inflammation. Common sites are the hamstrings, calves, knee ligaments, ankle ligaments, and shoulder structures. Overstretch injuries can occur during rapid accelerations, awkward landings, or forced ranges of motion, and may be aggravated by training errors or fatigue.

Symptoms vary but typically include pain, weakness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. A feeling of instability or a “giving way” sensation might be reported, sometimes accompanied by a popping or tearing sound. In some cases there is visible deformity or tenderness over the injured tissue.

Management generally follows standard soft tissue injury care. Immediate measures include rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Avoid activities that provoke pain; protective supports may be used. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion, strengthening surrounding muscles, and reestablishing neuromuscular control. Most overstretch injuries heal with conservative treatment, though severe strains or ligament tears may require immobilization or, rarely, surgery and longer rehabilitation.

Prevention centers on proper warm-up, gradual progression of load and range, and attention to pain signals. Techniques such as static and dynamic stretching should be performed carefully, with attention to technique and individual flexibility limits.