Átszitáló

**Átszitáló** refers to a traditional Hungarian folk instrument, primarily used in rural music and dance traditions. The term "átszitáló" literally translates to "transposing player," indicating its role in modulating melodies to suit the vocal range of singers or the harmonic structure of the ensemble. This instrument is a type of bowed string instrument, closely resembling a small violin or fiddle, though it is often slightly larger and built with a more resonant body to enhance its projecting sound in outdoor settings.

The átszitáló is typically made from wood, with a carved body, a flat back, and a narrow neck. It features four strings, usually tuned in a similar fashion to a violin (G, D, A, E), though variations exist depending on regional preferences. The instrument is played with a bow, and its sound is characterized by a warm, slightly nasal tone that blends well with other folk instruments like the cimbalom (Hungarian zither) or the hurdy-gurdy.

Historically, the átszitáló played a key role in Hungarian folk orchestras, particularly in the Carpathian Basin region. Its primary function was to provide melodic support, often transposing or harmonizing the lead melody played by another instrument, such as the *csárdás* fiddle. The instrument was especially prominent in festive music, accompanying dances like the *verbunk* or *táncház* (folk dance gatherings).

While the átszitáló is not as widely known outside Hungary as other folk instruments, it remains an important part of the country’s musical heritage. Modern luthiers and folk music revivalists continue to craft and perform on the instrument, ensuring its place in Hungarian cultural traditions. Its distinctive sound and role in ensemble playing make it a unique and cherished element of Hungarian folk music.