Carpathian

Carpathian describes the Carpathian Mountains, a major mountain range in Central and Eastern Europe. The arc runs roughly 1,500 kilometers in a crescent from the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the northwest to Romania and Ukraine in the southeast, with offshoots into Poland and Hungary. The term is used for the mountains themselves as well as the surrounding region and its cultural landscape.

The Carpathians are divided into three main sections: the Western Carpathians (in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and southern Poland); the Eastern Carpathians (across Ukraine and Romania, with portions of eastern Slovakia and northern Poland); and the Southern Carpathians (the Romanian Transylvanian Alps). The highest peak is Gerlachovský štít in Slovakia, at 2,655 meters.

Ecology and conservation: The range supports extensive forests and diverse habitats, hosting species such as brown bears, wolves, lynx, and a variety of birds and plants. It is a recognized biodiversity hotspot with numerous national parks, wildlife reserves, and biosphere reserves across the involved countries, as well as transboundary conservation efforts to maintain ecosystem integrity.

People and culture: The Carpathians have long been a contact zone for many ethnic groups, including Romanians, Ukrainians, Slovaks, Poles, Hungarians, and Rusyns. The region features varied folklore, languages, and traditions, and is the focus of cross-border initiatives, regional identities, and cultural networks that reflect its historical diversity.