xirurgiya
Xirurgiya is a medical specialty focused on operative interventions intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease and injury. It encompasses a broad range of procedures, from minimally invasive to complex open operations, and a variety of subspecialties that address different organ systems and clinical needs.
Its history spans ancient to modern eras. Early practices relied on manual techniques; the modern discipline
Today, xirurgiya includes general surgery and numerous subspecialties such as cardiovascular, neurosurgery, orthopedic, plastic, thoracic, otorhinolaryngology
Practitioners typically complete a medical degree followed by a surgical residency, often accompanied by fellowships in
Outcomes depend on patient factors, procedure type, and care quality. Risks include infection, bleeding, anesthesia complications,