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Falco peregrinus, commonly known as the peregrine falcon, is a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. Its name is derived from the Latin word "peregrinus," meaning wanderer, reflecting its extensive migratory patterns. This species is renowned for its incredible speed, being the fastest animal on Earth when in its hunting dive, or stoop. Peregrine falcons inhabit nearly every continent except Antarctica.

The peregrine falcon is a medium-sized raptor with a distinctive dark grey to black back and wings, and a lighter, barred underside. They possess a characteristic dark "hood" on their head and a bold "moustache" stripe. Their wings are long and pointed, adapted for high-speed flight. Their diet primarily consists of other birds, which they catch in mid-air during their spectacular stoops. They have also been observed hunting small mammals, reptiles, and insects.

These birds typically nest on high cliffs, ledges, or man-made structures like bridges and tall buildings. They do not build elaborate nests, often utilizing existing scrapes or ledges. Peregrine falcons are known for their territorial nature and their piercing calls. Their populations have faced declines in the past due to pesticide use, particularly DDT, which caused eggshell thinning. However, conservation efforts have led to significant recovery in many areas, and they are now considered a species of least concern by the IUCN.