viscose

Viscose is a type of rayon, a regenerated cellulose fiber used in a wide range of textiles. The name viscose refers to both the chemical process used to create the fiber and the fiber itself. It is often marketed as viscose rayon or simply rayon.

The production of viscose involves converting natural cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters into a soluble form, which is then spun into fibers and regenerated as cellulose. Traditionally, cellulose is treated with alkali and converted into cellulose xanthate using carbon disulfide, forming a viscose solution. This solution is extruded through spinnerets into an acidic bath where cellulose is precipitated and solidified as fibers. The fibers are then washed, stretched, and dried. Variations exist in the exact processing conditions and additives, but the basic principle remains regeneration of cellulose from a viscose solution.

Viscose fibers are known for softness, good drape, and high absorbency, making them comfortable to wear and easy to dye. They have a smooth hand and can resemble natural fibers like silk or cotton. However, they typically have lower strength when wet and can be prone to shrinking or wrinkling under certain conditions. Viscose can be produced in various finishes and blends, expanding its applications beyond clothing into home textiles and nonwoven products.

Common uses include garments such as dresses, blouses, linings, and hosiery, as well as upholstery fabrics and other home textiles. Environmental considerations have long been associated with viscose production due to chemical use and emissions; modern mills aim to reduce impacts through process improvements and closed-loop systems, and some viscose fibers are produced through more eco-friendly methods or alternatives such as lyocell.