upomina

Upomina is the third-person singular present tense form of the Polish verb upominać, which means to admonish, rebuke, or remind. In everyday usage it describes someone pointing out a fault or urging another person to follow rules or norms. Depending on context, the action can be a mild reminder or a formal reprimand. As an imperfective verb, upominać describes ongoing or habitual action rather than a completed act.

Usage and examples:

- On upomina dzieci za złe zachowanie. (He admonishes the children for their bad behavior.)

- Mama upomina syna, by nie spóźniał się na obiad. (Mother admonishes her son to not be late for dinner.)

- W liście upomina pracowników o zachowanie w miejscu pracy. (The letter admonishes the employees to conduct themselves properly at work.)

Forms and related terms:

- Infinitive: upominać (imperfective) or its perfective counterpart, often rendered as upomnieć/upomnieć in contexts describing a completed admonition.

- Past forms: upominałem/upominałam/upominało (I admonished / I admonished (f/nt.) / it admonished); used to reflect gender and person in the past tense.

- Noun: upomnienie, meaning a rebuke or admonition; e.g., Dostał upomnienie za spóźnienie. (He received an admonition for being late.)

Notes:

Upomina is sometimes used with the preposition o (upominać o czymś) to remind or admonish someone about something. It sits between milder reminders and stronger penalties in tone, and its exact nuance depends on context, intonation, and accompanying phrases. Related terms include upominać (the base verb) and upomnieć (the perfective counterpart).