dinner

Dinner is commonly understood as the main meal of the day in many Western and some non-Western cultures, typically eaten in the evening. In other regions, the largest or principal meal may occur at midday and be referred to as dinner, with a lighter evening meal called supper or evening tea. The term is historic and has shifted over time: in English, dinner originally referred to the first substantial meal of the day and later came to denote the evening meal in many places.

Etymology and evolution: the English word dinner derives from Old French and Latin roots related to “dining.” Historically, societies based on agrarian work schedules often began the day with a light breakfast, followed by a larger mid‑day meal, and sometimes a smaller evening meal. As industrialization and work patterns changed, the timing and social role of dinner shifted in various countries, making the evening meal the focal point of daily dining in many homes.

Cultural variation: dinner times vary widely by region and culture. Northern and Western Europe, North America, and parts of East Asia often schedule dinner in the early to late evening. In some Southern and Latin cultures, a substantial meal may occur later in the evening, with family gatherings or social dining common around the table for longer periods. The terminology also varies, with “dinner,” “supper,” and “lunch” used differently across communities.

Composition and etiquette: dinner commonly includes multiple courses such as an appetizer, a main course with protein, vegetables, and starch, and a dessert, paired with beverages. Etiquette and table settings differ by culture, but meals often function as a social occasion for families, friends, or guests and can reflect seasonal, regional, or religious traditions.

Modern trends: trends such as globalization, convenience foods, and work schedules influence dinner formats, from home‑cooked meals to takeout and pre‑prepared options. Despite changes, dinner often remains a central daily ritual and a focal point for social and familial life.