tumorextrinsic
Tumorextrinsic refers to factors external to malignant cells that influence tumor development, progression, and response to therapy. It contrasts with tumor-intrinsic factors, which arise from genetic or epigenetic alterations within cancer cells. The concept emphasizes interactions between the tumor and its surroundings, including the microenvironment and the host.
Key components of the tumor extrinsic milieu include the tumor microenvironment: cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells (T
Systemic and host-related factors also contribute to tumorextrinsic effects. Age, obesity, chronic inflammation, infections, and the
Clinically, extrinsic factors influence prognosis and response to therapy. They drive angiogenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance, and
Research approaches to study tumorextrinsic biology include co-culture systems, three-dimensional organoids, patient-derived xenografts, and multi-omics analyses
The term tumorextrinsic distinguishes external influences from intrinsic cellular drivers and underscores the tumor ecosystem's role